Human acute phase Serum Amyloid A protein, SAA, as inflammatory marker

Human SAA ELISA for detection in urine, plasma and serum

Human SAA and inflammation

• Serum amyloid A (SAA) is predominantly produced by the liver
• Extra-hepatic production by macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, artherosclerotic lesions, tumors and synovial tissue
• Four different genes in human produce SAA. SAA-1 is the predominant form in plasma
• SAA is a major acute phase protein
• Belongs to family of pentraxins (i.e. PTX3, CRP)
• SAA functions as chemo-attractant
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Human SAA detection in urine

• To exclude matrix influence, urine with low SAA (#3) and urine with higher SAA (#4) concentration were mixed in different ratios 
• The calculated concentration of human SAA was plotted versus the expected concentration of human SAA (Fig 1)

Evaluation of matrix-influence

• To exclude matrix influence,  several serum and urine samples were diluted and recovery was calculated (Fig 2)
• Minimal dilutions of 5x and 50x are recommended for urine and serum, respectively

Human SAA and disease

• SAA is an early indicator for transplant rejection
• Increase in human SAA within hours after bacterial as well as viral infection
• Predictor for coronary artery disease in women
• SAA functions in various physiological and pathological processes 
• SAA is linked to inflammation, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, AA-amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neoplasia.
• Sensitive marker of acute inflammatory state

Hallmarks of human SAA ELISA (Cat# HK333)

• Unique assay for measurement in urine
• Human SAA concentration rises earlier and sharper than acute phase protein CRP
• Human SAA is increased after bacterial as well as viral infection 
• Benchtop stability of standard > 95% (2 hrs RT; o/n 4 °C)
• Working time of 2.5 hours 
• 100 µl sample/well 
• Detection limit 3.1 ng/ml
• Useful for serum,  plasma, fat-biopts and urine
• Detection of natural SAA-1
• Normal values in serum and plasma range from 1-5 µg/ml
• Acute inflammation may results in 1000-fold increase in human SAA

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